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In saptamana 13 bebelusul masoara intre 6,8 cm si 8,0 cm de la crestet la coapse si cantareste aproximativ 14,2 g pana la 21,3 g.
La treisprezece saptamani, oasele fatului incep sa se formeze mai ales la nivelul bratelor si picioarelor, iar intestinele incep sa se extinda de la cordonul ombilical catre abdomen.
Corzile vocale se dezvolta si ele in aceasta etapa.
Cantitatea de lichid amniotic creste la aproximativ 100 ml.
Fatul este sensibil la atingere pe toata fata, brate, piept, picioare si gambe, cu exceptia interiorului coapselor.
Simtul mirosului se dezvolta. In aceasta saptamana, neuronii receptori olfactivi din partea superioara a cavitatii nazale ajung la maturitate.
Fatul se poate intinde, isi poate roti capul si poate casca. Un cascat fetal incepe atunci cand bebelusul isi deschide incet maxilarul larg si isi misca limba in jos. Aceasta miscare poate dura peste 13 secunde. Fatul isi atinge frecvent propria fata. Daca este atins pe buze, acesta isi va deschide si inchide gura, iar daca este atins in palma, acesta isi inchide degetele.
Pana la 13 saptamani, fatul exerseaza frecvent respiratia in uter. Adesea acesta efectueaza cateva miscari respiratorii ritmice mici, urmate de o pauza de cateva secunde. Aceste respiratii usoare de exersare sunt extrem de importante pentru dezvoltarea plamanilor. Miscarile respiratorii fetale ajuta plamanii sa creasca prin stimularea cresterii numarului de celule pulmonare si prin dezvoltarea acestora.
Rinichii filtreaza toxinele si excesul de saruri din fluxul sanguin. Dezvoltarea permanenta a rinichilor incepe in jurul saptamanii de gestatie a 7-a. Rinichii contin multe unitati de filtrare mai mici, numite nefroni, care ajuta la transferul toxinelor si sarurilor din sange in urina. Intre saptamanile 8 si 12, se formeaza aproximativ 20 de nefroni functionali, permitand excretia unor cantitati mici de lichid in lichidul amniotic. Initial, in jurul saptamanii 8, rinichii se formeaza chiar unul langa altul in pelvis, sub coccis. Pe masura ce abdomenul creste, rinichii se misca in sus si se departeaza mai mult, ajungand la pozitiile lor mature in jurul saptamanii de gestatie a 11-a. In saptamana 13, fatul incepe sa urineze in lichidul amniotic, iar rinichii filtreaza sangele. Pana in ultima luna de sarcina, bebelusul elimina o jumatate de litru de urina in fiecare zi.
Chiar si in aceasta etapa incipienta, intreaga lungime a intestinului subtire al bebelusului se poate extinde la aproape 76 centimetri, dar este compactat in abdomenul de mici dimensiuni.
In jurul saptamanii 6 de sarcina, fata bebelusului a inceput sa prinda contur. Pana la 8 saptamani, majoritatea trasaturilor faciale sunt deja prezente, desi buza superioara si palatul moale se formeaza inca. In aceasta etapa, fata in curs de dezvoltare poate parea temporar formata din doua parti, deoarece partea stanga si cea dreapta nu s-au unit inca complet. In urmatoarele saptamani, aceste tesuturi se unesc treptat pentru a forma buza superioara, palatul moale si zona de sub nas.
Bibliografie
Week 13 of pregnancy (Days 91-97), HCA Healthcare UK official website
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Week 13, Charlotte Lozier Institute official website
Autor: Farmacist Marza Andreea Simona
